Inflammatory bowel disease is the term used to describe two conditions: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions are caused by chronic inflammation in parts of the gastrointestinal tract that includes the mouth, oesophagus (which connects the throat and the stomach), stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. Crohn’s disease may affect any part of the GI tract but more commonly affects the small intestine. Ulcerative colitis affects the large intestine and the rectum (a small chamber at the end of the large intestine). IBDs should not be confused with irritable bowel syndrome or celiac disease, although they have some symptoms in common. While the exact cause of IBD is unknown, scientists believe that chronic inflammation is a result of an immune system that doesn’t work properly. It becomes overactive when triggered by an environmental factor and mistakenly attacks the GI tract. People who develop IBDs are more likely to have a family member with one of the conditions.
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